Elizabeth Barrette (ysabetwordsmith) wrote,
Elizabeth Barrette
ysabetwordsmith

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Race in Speculative Fiction

Check out this essay on race in urban fantasy.  The genre runs to white people, even in parts of cities where logically there wouldn't be many.

Some of my urban fantasy is nonspecific about such things, some is explicitly diverse.  If I were setting out to design an urban fantasy series from scratch, I'd probably pick a city and examine its demographics, then use that for inspiration.
Tags: ethnic studies, networking, reading, writing
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A Worthy Topic For Consideration...

rhodielady_47

February 23 2013, 22:19:41 UTC 8 years ago Edited:  February 23 2013, 22:24:01 UTC

This isn't a new problem in urban fantasy, regular fantasy, horror, or science fiction. It's been griped about repeatedly for several decades now.
Here's my take on the problem:
Ask anyone who's attended science fiction con's since the 1970's (like me for instance) what were the racial makeups of the attendees of these cons and pretty much everyone in the South will tell you that they were largely white. (Since I never attended a con outside of the South until just a few years ago, I can't speak for cons outside the South.)
The racial makeup of the writers that came to these cons was largely white as well. (Robert Aspirin was the ONLY SCFI writer I knew of back then who wasn't lily white. Everyone who met him enjoyed his company and he was a fixture on the southern con circuit for a long while.) As far as I know, no one planned it that way. Con committees tend to invite writers to be guests at their cons based on how well they've enjoyed reading their books and not by their appearances. Had someone showed up with horns and a tail we'd have gamely dealt with it much less someone of color. One thing you have to remember is that before the mid 90's most of us fans had NO IDEA what our favorite writers looked like unless the publisher chose to include a picture of the writer in their books (usually on the book jacket) or there was an interview in a newspaper or magazine that included a picture.
So why? About the only reason I know of that might have caused this is that the people who cared enough to go to cons happened to be mostly white. As for the writers, apparently the fantasy and science fiction fields just didn't attract writers of color for the most part in previous decades. (I don't know how many may have entered it in say the past 15 years since I stopped attending cons that often.)
Even so, there have always been and still are a great many writers in the field that no one knows anything about--including what race they happen to be.

So what's stopped the white writers of fantasy and science fiction from using characters of color in their creations?
Not much but there has been the occasional fuss made about white writers deliberately applying "color" to some of their characters. Apparently the idea is that you can't make a character of color believable unless you yourself are a person of color. Guess what happens after word of THAT gets around amongst writers? I guess it's no small wonder then that only the most determined of white writers use characters of color in their work these days.

As someone who's pure enough of blood to come equipped with a stinger, let me say this: All I want to do is read quality fiction that entertains me and entices me to reread it again and again. The same thing goes for movies. They must entertain me and if those movies also provide me with food for thought, so much the better because that means I'll insist on going out and buying a copy of it. Race and its presence or absence from the content, just doesn't figure into my book or movie buying at all.

Then again, there's another question that comes to mind: Are we supposed to count elves, fairies, dwarves, goblins, giants, halflings and etc. as whites or do they count as different races of people too?
----Thanks for the link to the essay. Definitely serious food for thought.
:)
>>This isn't a new problem in urban fantasy, regular fantasy, horror, or science fiction.<<

True. And of course, if you broaden the discussion to all speculative fiction, my score goes way up.

>> Ask anyone who's attended science fiction con's since the 1970's (like me for instance) what were the racial makeups of the attendees of these cons and pretty much everyone in the South will tell you that they were largely white. <<

Conventions I've attended, across south and north, have had some diversity but been prevailingly white. Actually the most racial tension I've encountered was at the most mixed con, WisCon, and it was in the direction of people of color being snotty to people with fair skin. Really not an improvement in my opinion, nor conducive to more inclusive literature. On the other hoof I've been to individual panels that tilted toward a more multicultural and congenial atmosphere, which I greatly enjoyed. Might could be we'd want to analyze what works in those and how we can spread it.

>> The racial makeup of the writers that came to these cons was largely white as well. <<

I think I've actually seen a more mixed ratio among writers (and other professionals) than among fans. I'm betting that has to do with choice-to-represent (they've chosen to be entertainers, so they put themselves in public on purpose) and income (pros often have a better budget than fans, so they can afford to attend cons).

>>About the only reason I know of that might have caused this is that the people who cared enough to go to cons happened to be mostly white.<<

See above re: money. White people have more money, so they can travel more. However, the choice aspect plays in too: where there are few people of color, it's harder to attract them, because they may feel uncomfortable. A good approach there is to invite them in groups, like if you can find a reading club for black SF with a lot of black members, invite them to the con and put them on paneling. Then it's not just one or two black folks in a sea of white, it's not tokenism, they've got enough people to make a difference and not feel cornered. So then it's easier for other folks who want to meet them to join the discussion.

>> As for the writers, apparently the fantasy and science fiction fields just didn't attract writers of color for the most part in previous decades.<<

Or they were deliberately kept out.

There have been some excellent advances in science fiction, and there's a whole subgenre of fantasy called sword & soul, based on African themes. I think that's awesome because I like the diversity and the different story motifs.
"There have been some excellent advances in science fiction, and there's a whole subgenre of fantasy called sword & soul, based on African themes. I think that's awesome because I like the diversity and the different story motifs."

Like I said earlier, if the stuff is good, I'll read it. I give every new writer I come across at least one try.
Diversity is always good. People tend to forget it hasn't been that long ago that women were the ones having to struggle to get in the publisher's door.
:)

>>So what's stopped the white writers of fantasy and science fiction from using characters of color in their creations?
Not much but there has been the occasional fuss made about white writers deliberately applying "color" to some of their characters. Apparently the idea is that you can't make a character of color believable unless you yourself are a person of color. Guess what happens after word of THAT gets around amongst writers? I guess it's no small wonder then that only the most determined of white writers use characters of color in their work these days.<<

There is a catch-22 between erasure and misappropriation. So there's no safe place to write. So I say, heck with it, please yourself; write whatever you want. No likey, no ready.

>>Then again, there's another question that comes to mind: Are we supposed to count elves, fairies, dwarves, goblins, giants, halflings and etc. as whites or do they count as different races of people too?<<

Depends on how they are rendered. My Hailen elves have a whole bunch of races, some analogous to white, Middle Eastern, Asian, Native American, etc. but others like the darrows and the red elves of the south are completely different. *chuckle* And the base skin pigments are different. The dark one is more black than brown, and doesn't protect from the sun; it's the golden one that does most of the sun-screening.

Not to mention that I made evil white demons because somebody said that wouldn't make any sense. Oh yeah, watch me.

>>Thanks for the link to the essay. Definitely serious food for thought.<<

You're welcome! I'm glad you enjoyed this.
"Not to mention that I made evil white demons because somebody said that wouldn't make any sense. Oh yeah, watch me."
Bravo!
:D
My editor raised a question of "If this is Memphis, why is everyone we've seen in the first 5 chapters white?" I reminded her that the only people we see in those chapters are one man and his kids, and a couple of out of towners.

There are PoC throughout the book, but they are secondary characters if not wall-paper. Because that's how Memphis is for me, and for most people. The people (family, friends) in my life are white, and the PoC I encounter are bit players (co-workers)or wallpaper (clerks, etc).

I'm a little worried about the book I'm writing. Carla is black. She identifies as black, and she's dark. She's a very big woman (6' 275lbs) and she's single. But she goes about her life like any thirty-something. She goes to work. She calls her mother. She falls in love. I worry I've made a basically white character and slapped Mantan on her. OTOH, Maslow applies, abd everyone worries about the same basic things: food, shelter, safety, belonging.
Some key differences between races: It affects what kind of cultural material people have been exposed to. They will know the mainstream stuff but they have probably also seen/heard things particular to their own subculture, whether that is to their personal liking or not. So that affects what kind of metaphors or examples they might use in speaking.

Another example is situational awareness. Anyone outside the mainstream is more of a target. The police are not your friends and may view you as a threat even if you are the victim of a crime. Other people may be more wary of you, hostile toward you, or simply act as if you don't exist. So you need a higher level of alertness just to move through the day without getting into trouble. That is something members of the dominant group do not have to think about. (Compare, for example, the way women maintain awareness of nearby men in case of potential threat; but men do not do the same toward women and often aren't aware of women doing that.)