Elizabeth Barrette (ysabetwordsmith) wrote,
Elizabeth Barrette
ysabetwordsmith

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Mending the Social Safety Net

There's an interesting article about the revival of welfare reform as a top topic in politics.

My perspective on this is ... uncommon. I share the liberal sentiment that a decent society ought not to allow its poorer citizens to starve and die, and so should provide an effective social safety net. I also share the conservative sentiment that giving free handouts, especially on an indefinite basis, does not encourage self-sufficiency and can encourage indolence. There is a profoundly practical aspect to my stance: if people are left without their basic survival needs met, they have a tendency to cause problems and wind up in jail or in the emergency room; and that's *expensive* and ruinous to good order. But neither the liberal money-flinging nor the conservative abandonment work very well as poverty resolution; America has tried both in repeated cycles, and here we are again.

What I'd like to see would be a deliberate and thorough connection of needs to resources. Start by setting aside a generous amount of money for the social safety net. Make a list of Things That Need Doing. When people come in needing money, get a list of their skills; match List B to List A. Here's your check, here's a list of work opportunities, pick one. It's not charity if people are giving something back. If they don't have skills, put them in a training program (which can be taught by people who do have skills) and meanwhile they can do something simple, like shoveling snow off the sidewalks of senior citizens. The result is not quite a real job, but it takes less money than paying a full salary -- the government doesn't have to come up with cash for everything, but could make part of the package consist of surplus food, tools, clothing, etc. The skills and experienced gained would still be useful in the regular job market. Even the people managing the program could be compensated partly in services: need your lawn mowed, put it on the task list.

In order to solve a problem, you have to find the root cause and fix that. Why are people poor? Reasons include: job loss, few/no marketable skills, illiteracy, no educational certifications, substance abuse, lack of transportation, must take care of dependents, health problems, etc. Job loss can be hard to fix if the whole economy is tanking; wider economic solutions are needed. Employment services help, but only if there are job openings. Lack of skills, illiteracy, and lack of education can be fixed by teaching; there are some programs for this, which should be greatly expanded. Substance abuse can be handled with AA and other systems designed for that. Lack of transportation, well, this is the flip side of that shipping discussion we just had, only with people: boost public transportation and make sure it goes from where people are to where jobs are. Better yet, work on getting people and jobs into the same place. Availability of childcare and eldercare -- which in some cases could be merged! -- can free up able adults for the job market. Health problems tie into the unfortunate state of American health care, which is another whole can of worms needing much problem-solving. But one thing that would help tremendously would be the rise of temp agencies specializing in people whose health is variable, so they could quickly find work in the days or weeks when they're okay, and not be fired repeatedly because their health is too unreliable to hold an ordinary permanent job. That's another good place for skill-to-task matching.

If we took this kind of approach, we'd also have the opportunity to work on the "social" part of the safety net. Right now, seeking government aid tends to be a confusing, humiliating, time-consuming horror. Hence a lot of people won't do it, can't do it, or try it and give up in despair. That's counterproductive (unless you're trying to pretend that people starve and die willingly, when you're really pinching pennies by making services impractically available). But if you factor in the human needs, like the need to be useful, it gets better. Make some work teams and encourage friendships. Get people invested in each other's lives. They can help solve each other's problems and it'll make their own seem a little less burdensome. Another of the key causes of poverty is isolation and shattered relationships. Weave them back together. That's what a net is all about, in the end: making connections, taking care of ourselves by taking care of each other.
Tags: economics, politics
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  • 10 comments
There's one more bit I'd throw in here, that I've seen in person, and heard about from the social workers I know.

IME, children who grow up on welfare don't grasp the concept of money, because no one bothers to teach them the basics of budgeting, banking, or anything else, for that mattter.

A friend's step-children, for example, moved in with her last year after their mother got evicted for the third time in 18 months. Not that mom didn't have money to take the kids on vacation or buy them a fancy big-screen flat panel TV - but apparently by doing so, she didn't pay the rent or routinely shop for groceries. The kids (aged 12 and 14 at the time), honestly though that their step-mother must make $1 million a year, because she owned a house and a new car. When they didn't get the toys they asked for immediately because it wasn't in the budget, they were honestly *confused* about how this could possibly be, because they got these things when living with their mother. In general, my co-worker and the children's father have spent a year on this, and it's still a weekly shock for these boys that holding a job other than rap star, pro athlete, or drug dealer means having a roof over your head and food on the table if one uses their money wisely.
Junior Achievement http://www.ja.org/

JA Worldwide is a partnership between the business community, educators and volunteers — all working together to inspire young people to dream big and reach their potential. JA’s hands-on, experiential programs teach the key concepts of work readiness, entrepreneurship and financial literacy to young people all over the world.

Maybe in some cases. But like many such programs, the usefulness of the program depends on the adults running it, and most advisers (at least both here where I live now and where I grew up) are volunteered by their employers, not because it's something they feel is important.

My experience with JA was that it was like school fundraising, only more irritating to customers. Additionally, we only got one of our promised paychecks, and we had no say in any of the projects the group did. All in all, it was disappointing for a program that came with so much hype.
It's not just kids in poor families. The education system is almost wholly geared towards background information, not life skills or even how to use the information taught in school. It's that way through grade school and junior high, sometimes starts to offer a little real-world stuff in junior high or high school (shop and home economics, for example) and not until college are there heavy-duty professional classes. Even colleges don't teach a lot of stuff that people need to know.

When I found out how little some of our Grey School students knew about math and budgeting, etc. I threw a fit. Then I found a teacher to write and teach "Personal Prosperity for Wizards." It covers basics like setting up and balancing a checking account, making a budget, etc. and then there's a Lesson about money magic.

My mother teaches public school, junior high and high school. She usually gets in a unit or a sideline project on household accounting. It can be a lot of fun. Some of the kids whine because it's nothing like what they've been doing. But a lot of them come back later and say, "You know, Mrs. B, that checking project really saved my bacon. Nobody else ever showed me how to do that." *grin* So I come by it honestly.

Anything you want people to know, you had better be teaching fluently, because not many people are good at bootstrapping skills. And the ones who are ... you want to waste them on figuring out their checkbook!
I'm currently in the process of trying to get off of disability for the bipolar and get back into the workforce, and while the bipolar is an issue of its own when it comes to working, there's also the biological child. Right now, he's in CA with his bio-father and he's now old enough to stay by himself, but a couple of years ago, it was stuff like: "Other than the bipolar, what is preventing you from working?" "I can't find reliable childcare." "We have childcare providers' numbers and if you pay the costs up front, we can reimburse you." "I don't have the money to pay upfront." "If you get a job, you will." "I don't have the money to pay childcare so I can get a job." And so on.

It's ridiculous. We even looked into a co-op daycare back in CA, where childcare is free or really cheap in exchange for each parent coming in a few days a week to watch everybody's kids while others work. I forget why we didn't end up doing that, but I think it had something to do with my son being autism spectrum and they wouldn't take him. (It's so ridiculous, because after we got him into a government-sponsored special needs preschool for a couple of years and later speech therapy in regular school, his teachers regularly say he's one of the smartest, most pleasant kids in the class, and he only rarely has behavior problems anymore.)

- Troy
I wish you luck with that.

An important part of problem-solving is finding and removing barriers to progress, when people are trying to do a desirable thing and can't because they're blocked. So then you have to figure out what's stopping them and get rid of the barrier or create a way around it.

A related type of problem is what's called a "gravy stain" problem in a volunteerism handbook I read. Sometimes there's an unpleasant side effect to a desirable program -- in the sample, cheap containers on charity meals meant the delivery people always wound up with spilled gravy in their cars. Then you have to find what's annoying people so much that they avoid the program, and change things to be less annoying.

Government-run systems tend to be clunky and frustrating, so people frequently avoid them. Making services more user-friendly and sane would help a lot. This can often be achieved by doing them at the local level, and preferably, by other groups besides the government so it doesn't have to get involved. Frex, a temp service for people of variable health could be run by and for the partially-able, as a business. That childcare co-op is another good idea, even though it didn't work out in your case. I've seen a bare handful of Christian charities that seriously impressed me because they didn't proselytize much, just set about that "give everything you have to the poor, and follow me" thing.

That reminds me, my favorite charity is Heifer International:
http://www.heifer.org/
They provide livestock to poor people around the world, to help them out of poverty. The program includes education on livestock care, and requires recipients to pass on the gift to other families when their livestock reproduces. It works.

That's the kind of model we need to be replicating and applying to different situations. Suppose a city has a problem with illiteracy. They can start offering classes in reading comprehension. At the end of the first program, students can move up to a more challenging one -- and start tutoring the new students in the first class. This helps take some of the load off the teachers, and speeds skill improvement for the tutors. After a few more rounds, some of the better students will be good enough to start teaching that first class all by themselves, and they'll be an inspiration to new students as to what can be accomplished.

Don't just look at what people need. Look at what they can do.

When my husband and I were both unemployed, we ended up with positions in Americorps, which is like a domestic peacecore. The living stipend wasn't great, but what made it worth it was that it did pay for most of the child care. I payed $2 a week for my son who was 8 months old at the time, to go to a day care of my own choice.

http://www.americorps.org/

Deleted comment

Yes, mental health care is an important need in reducing poverty and homelessness. Health care in general needs a total overhaul (people can't work if they are sick/injured or caring for a relative who is) but that's another topic.
Perhaps I'm demonstrating my lack of life experience here, but...

My perspective on this is ... uncommon. I share the liberal sentiment that a decent society ought not to allow its poorer citizens to starve and die, and so should provide an effective social safety net. I also share the conservative sentiment that giving free handouts, especially on an indefinite basis, does not encourage self-sufficiency and can encourage indolence. There is a profoundly practical aspect to my stance: if people are left without their basic survival needs met, they have a tendency to cause problems and wind up in jail or in the emergency room; and that's *expensive* and ruinous to good order.

This is truly an "uncommon" viewpoint? I mean, to me, it makes perfect sense, and it runs pretty close with my own general theories on how society should be run.
Uncommon, well ...

1) It isn't done often or widely. It isn't exactly like the liberal paradigm (big government, heavy spending in social arena) or conservative paradigm (small government, low spending in social arena).

2) No matter whether I'm in a liberal or a conservative environment, describing my ideas on social safety nets tends to aggravate people.